The
Leadership Style of Jesus Christ in the Gospel of John
Dwit David Philip
MA, LLB, PG Rural Management,
PG Industrial Management,
MA Theology (SHUATS)
Background:
Jesus is a Historical Truth, Spiritual Truth
and an Experiential Truth that Christians believe and follow.[1] In
spite of that, there are people who say, “Jesus is not a leader”, “He had only
12 persons in His primary congregation”. “They had not only heard His sermons;
they had lived with Him constantly for about three years. Yet, not one of them
had really grasped the message. No converts in the inner circle. In short, ‘I
would not have died for either the deaf disciples or the wayward crowds’, but “Jesus
died.”[2] So, the
question rises, whether Jesus was a Leader? And if a leader, what was His
leadership style?
Instinct is something that is spontaneous.[3] Our DNA
gives each of us an innate biological tendency to act in a wide range of
instinct defined ways. [4] Jesus
was in the beginning. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God,
and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. [5] These
statements acknowledge that, Jesus had the origin and instinct of God. He indwelled
on earth, being God and in God. Again, the question arises, if He was the
leader or His father? If He was the leader, again, what was His leadership
style? This research work deduces His earthly journey as a leader with the title,
“The Leadership Style of Jesus Christ in the Gospel of John”.
All through the Gospel, Jesus is communicating
to unfreeze i.e. preparing for the desired change, then refreezing i.e.
solidifying the desired change after resurrection, for moving from one stage to
the desired stage. Followers are following them[6], and
this unveils His leadership style.
Leadership is all about leading people and influencing
people. [7] Jesus
is doing that as God’s manifestation (John 1).
Bible is the glossary of leadership starting
from God, Adam, Eve, Abraham, Moses, Judges, then David and Kings then Prophets.
But Jesus is the most followed leader of the world.
Greatest leaders are the greatest follower. [8]Jesus
is the greatest follower of His Father.
Introduction
The Book of John is written by John, the direct
disciple of Jesus Christ, comprising 21 chapters, 879 verses and 15635
words. Jesus’s leadership style is diametrically opposed to that of the world.
He taught that, leaders are to serve others, not to be served.[9] He died in
cross. It was not the leadership style, until Jesus immerged in the annals of
History.
Under this discussion, it is
necessary to discuss first the prime definitions on leadership:
Biblical definitions of Leadership:
1. The
act of influencing and serving others out of Christ’s interest in one’s life to
accomplish god’s purposes for them and through them is Biblical Leadership. Bill
Larence president, Leader formation international.
2. Leadership
is stewarding one’s God-given gifts, abilities, and opportunities, and using
them to influence and serve others. [10]
Secular definitions of
leadership:
1. Leadership
is defined as the process of influencing the activities of an organised group
towards the achievement of goals. Rauch & Behling
2. Leadership
is discovering the company’s destiny and having the courage to follow it. Joe Jaworski.
3. Leadership
is interpersonal influence, exercised in a situation, and directed, through the
communication process, toward the attainment of a special goal or goals.
(Tannenbaum, Weschler & Massarik)
4. Leadership
is not a person or a position. It is a complex moral relationship between people,
based on trust, obligation, commitment, emotion and a shared vision of the
good. (Anonymous)
5. Leadership
is “the behaviour of an individual directing the activities of a group toward a
shared goal” (Hemphill & Coons, 1957)
These definitions, subscribe to
leadership and leadership style of Jesus?
So far, what the definitions
and the great leaders are concerned with the leadership qualities are [11]
Communication, Conflict Resolution, Delegations, Critical Thinking, Accountability,
Empathy, Respect, Problem Solving.
So far benefits of effective
Leadership[12] are
concerned, the focus is 1. Team Members’ Retention, 2. Costumers’
Satisfaction and 3. Improved Productivity. The author explains,
1. “When
the team members feel valued, they continue in the team”
2. “When
the products and services given to the customers are witnessed by the team
members that is of quality and quantity and of worth, team members take pride
of the work and team.”
3. “Effective
leaders motivate the team members and move the team towards achieving the team
goal.”
Top 10 traits of an effective leaders are,[13]
1. “An
ability to empower and nurture others”
2. “A
clear and consistent focus on communication”
3. “A
high-level emotional intelligence”
4. “Superior
Problem-solving skills”
5. “General
respect and empathy towards others”
6. “An
unmatched ability to actively listen”
7. “The
foresight to take on work and know when to delegate”
8. “The
ability to be flexible and adoptable – while also taking accountability”
9. “A
force when it comes to staying ahead of the curve”
10. “An
open mindedness and clearheaded attitude”
Leadership style is better understood through traits,
qualities and benefits. A chapter wise analysis has been done to understand
leadership style of Jesus Christ as per Gospel of John.
Chapter 1: Leaders
in chapter one is, God the creator himself i.e. Jesus. Other than them, in the entire
book of John, the leaders are John the Baptist, Priests, the Levites, the Pharisees
(keeper of laws), the Sadducees (more affluent and sympathiser to Hellenistic
Movement), Essenes (Higher standard of piety, abstaining from food, comfort)
Zealots (group for changing the power and governance). The other hidden leaders
who influenced Jews for centuries including the first century Jews is prophet
Isaiah.[14] Isaiah,
Moses and David are the hidden leaders of influence, who are referred to again
and again.
The driving
forces of these leaders are the traits, qualities and benefits, of their value systems, principles, and ethics.
The God and
Son Jesus have the value system of love and compassion for the mankind and
nature.
The value
system, principle and ethics of other leaders are the prophesy expressed and
documented by Isaiah. But Jews failed to actualise that, prophets preached and
failed to understand that the source is Jesus himself.
John the
Baptist had the discernment of God. He preached Isaiah’s prophecies and said
that Isaiah’s value system is of God’s and God is Jesus.
As a leader, John
the Baptist is selecting his disciples who are graduating into Jesus’s disciples.
The hidden leader of John the Baptist is God Jesus. Jesus is selecting disciples. He knows their
mind and names. He is giving personal touch by narrating the person’s
background. In this chapter key leaders have discernments. Jesus, John
the Baptist and John the writer of gospel. All have their own leaders and all
are creating leaders for God’s kingdom. 1. Discernment from God, 2. Connection
with God, 3. Selection of team members and guidance to the team members are the
manifested traits of Jesus - The leader in this chapter.
Chapter 2: Jesus
prevailed here as a Charismatic Leader. Croud was hovering over in His
presence. Leader Jesus knew the hearts of those (Ver 2:25) who were around Him.
First, He demonstrated by cleansing of temple of God. Separating self from
worldly aspects. As a transformational leader He was not leaving the sinners. Jesus
was ministering for transformation. Transformation of water depicts that, Jesus
can change both physical and nonphysical substances. His presence was turning
water into wine and sick into normal being. It’s the beginning of Jesus’s
ministry as a transformational leader. Jesus is changing many aspects of lives:
concrete, abstract, visible, invisible, physical, non-psychical, social and
personal things in this chapter.
Chapter 3:
Here we see a socio- religious leader, Nicodemus, is surrendering to a transformational
leader. Transformation comes through spirit and spirit changes the totality of
heart, soul and character.
Nicodemus was
known as a “Leader among the Jews”, he was believed as a member of Sanhedrin, the
high priests’ Political Council, the Highest Legislative Body, Supreme Judicial
Court for most important cases. Through his knowledge he is recognising covertly,
the Leadership of Jesus in the spiritual and none spiritual realm of the time.[15] The same
Nicodemus is found after death of Jesus (John 19:39) and being transformed, overtly
in action. Life, knowledge and communication style of Jesus’s leadership is bringing
transformation.
Chapter 4: Leadership
is communication, giving or sharing of concreate or abstract things. Here Jesus
is not giving healing or food, water, shelter, clothes or any worldly thing,
but sharing the knowledge of God, to the ignored, oppressed and socially
segregated i.e. the Samaritan women who is becoming the follower of divine
ideas. Samaritan woman is under patriarchy, male hegemony, traditional leadership
but, Jesus is prevailing over tradition and brining transformation through
communication.
Chapter 5
and 6: Here the key stories are healing of a 38 year old sick, five loaves of
bread and two fish and His walk on water. The key message is “What my father is
doing that I do, without father I cannot do anything”, “what father does that
son does”. “What I listen from Him that I do, I fulfil the will of my father” (Ver
5:19,30). No self-glorification of Jesus but glorification of Father God and
entablement of His relation with father is depicted by Jesus, the
Transformational Leader.
Great thing
does not attract Leaders. (5:41). Jesus was a person among the common people
physically, mentally and emotionally. Being God, He was a leader among people,
communicating vertically and horizontally i.e. with God and with people
respectively. Here Jesus is a communicating leader, living with followers and
common mass[16].
Chapter 7:
Here Jesus is starting with a miracle of feeding 5000 people then traveling
from Tiberia to Capernaum alone and on the sea, He walked and met the twelve
disciples miraculously. In Capernaum people saw Jesus and were surprised that,
without boarding on a boat he arrived at Capernaum. Jesus the transformational leader discussing
on several aspects of life and eternity like: Hunger, Life, Food, Faith, Life
giving food, Descension and Assentation, God’s Magnetic attraction, Listening to
God’s Teaching i.e. “I am the life/food of eternity”. Asking for Blood and
Flesh to be drunk and eaten respectively and His assurance of resurrection in
last days to the part takers of His Blood and Flesh.
The said
discussion depicts vision as well as mission of, Jesus as Leader that he
wants to do and achieve.
Leader shows
the vision which is not seen but imagined. To get the followers convinced, Jesus
is explaining by unpacking the heavenly vision to carnal beings claiming His
descent from God. While explaining he is starting with worldly food which meets
fleshy needs and desire. He is explaining “miracles and signs are to build confidence
on the fact that he has descended from above and His vision is to ascend all to
heaven. A visionary leader, is meeting both immediate and desired needs of the
people. The attribute of visionary leader is enthusiasm (life for
eternity), strategic thinking (addressing life in both carnal and
spiritual perspective), resilience (able to hear opposition), emotional
intelligence (relating to leaders of Jews and poor jews), growth mind
set (creating leaders after Him), strategic
risk taking (people are leaving Jesus, as He said that, His blood and flesh
are to be eaten), strong communication skill (Peter and other eleven
understood and decided to continue to follow Jesus).[17]
Leadership
is influence: the effects of influence of Jesus are evident, 1. Change of
discipleship from John to Jesus. 2. To be prepared to die for Jesus, 3. People
wanted to catch Him but were unable to catch for certain time due to His
influence, 4: Due to influence through none verbal communication on
prostitution, Jesus made the gathering calm.
In spite of
dispute, Jesus immerged as Leader, as Prophet and as Christ in this chapter due
to His demonstrated abilities and capabilities to relate to Father, people and
material world though disputed by Pharisees and Chief Priests.
Chapter 8:
Adulteress women is redeemed. He proclaimed that Light is God. World view of
sin is revealed. He is giving glory to His leader God, and asserting, that
knowing the leader demands abiding the leader (verse 55). The paradox of
abiding law without the light of God among the leaders was demonstrated through
the accused women. All abstaining from women and presence of Jesus proved that,
Jesus is the undisputed leader across the domains of power. As a leader, Jesus knew
the socio religious background of His area of influence like, their Religious
Book, their Historical Leader Abraham, their belief on the redeemer.
Chapter 9
to 12: Jesus the transformational
leader wants to open the eyes to truth for acknowledging the truth.
Leadership
style of Jesus Christ:
To lead is
implementing a plan. Here in this chapter, a blind is given vision but
Pharisees tried to prevail over the redeemed person and his family forcefully.
This chapter gives a vivid picture of styles of leadership.
The blind
followed Jesus in spite of opposition after receiving sight. Jesus gives
example of a shepherd who gives life for his sheep unlike the worldly leaders.
Gives life back to Lazarus, and Lazarus continued to follow Jesus. Feast of
Bethany and plotting of killing Lazarus to destroy the evidence of his resurrection.
These chapters are giving examples of worldly leaders.
The purpose of
Jesus was for the Kingdom of God and Kingdom of heaven. The kingdom values (the
traits of righteousness), the road map (I am the way) to God's Kingdom and
"why God's Kingdom", was vividly communicated by Jesus Christ.
Chapter 13:
Servanthood leadership is an episode used in all the realms of the world and in
all kinds of management industries after the emergence of democracy and the end
of colonialism and imperialism. To win hearts and soul in every front,
servanthood leadership is the panacea. Servanthood leadership is a ‘leadership
philosophy’ built on the belief that the most effective leaders strive to serve
others, rather than acquire power or to take control. The aforementioned others
can include customers, partners, fellow employees and the community at large.
Listening, Empathy, Healing, Awareness, Persuasion, Conceptualisation,
Foresight, Stewardship, Commitment, Building Community.[18] Staffing
and team formation: The narration of John depicts, there were authority
given to disciples to cast out demons. There was responsibility given to
purchase food. There was responsibility to manage the accounts. There
was responsibility to arrange the gatherings. There were travel plans.
There were plans for disciples’ forthcoming leadership. Jesus is not using
authority over human beings or on the power of Roman and Jews, though using his
authority over evil spirit. He was submissive to the authority of Roman Empire
as well as to the authority of Jews’ clergy. He influenced all sections, Romans,
Clergies, the Rich and Wise by submissiveness and teaching the truth being
commonly available to all of them. Influence is the capacity to have an
impact on the character development or behaviour of someone or something, or
the effect itself.[19] Greatest
sphere of influence of Jesus Christ is His disciples.
Strength,
Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) in Jesus’s vision, mission and
goal: Situation analysis or problem analysis is a prime responsibility of a
leader. Jesus had done SWOT analysis of His team and of the world around
self. John explains, He had knowledge of strength of disciples, society, Romans,
clergy and the Jews. Jesus had the knowledge about the weakness of His disciples,
society, Romans, clergy and the Jews. He had explained who are vulnerable and
what is vulnerability of people. And He was standing for the vulnerable
including children, women and disable persons.
Chapter 14,
15, 16: Leaders lead, from present situation to desired situation. Here for
the leader, Jesus, the desired stage is neither material nor carnal gain, but
life after death. The transformational leader, Jesus is motivating the team
members for a transformation and it will be done by the Helper i.e. the Holy
Spirit. Here Jesus the Transformational Leader speaking about His ‘Go’ as well
as the forth coming ‘Go’ of the team members i.e. seeing the Lord and living
with the Lord. Jesus is giving the clarity i.e. the leader will go ahead of
disciples and followers. And the disciples and followers have to follow the
path shown by leader himself and there is no other way. Here Jesus is
neither democratic, nor autocratic or laissez fair or delegative. Here He
is rather little transactional leader, He is deciding the job i.e. to abide
the instructions of the leader and love for the leader, Jesus and God. Here
rewards and punishments are there. Jesus is transformational, encouraging,
caring, motivating, for the members, to achieve the goal. Jesus is not Situational
as He is not compromising the situation, or mood of members or with time or
surrounding. Rather Jesus is proposing the help of Holy spirit i.e. His
leadership is Charismatic.
Emphasis of
Leader Jesus in this chapter are 1. to Love, 2. To Abide the Instruction
of leader, 3. To Be connected with leader and 4. To Be fruitful.
The transformational leader is found democratic, humanitarian, transactional.
For Him no one is slave (15:15) Instructions are not imposed but result is
assured and example for achieving the goal is His own. Jesus is saying, “I am
the example of path” (14:6), and “I am the destination and I am the Lord”.
Jesus the
transformational leader, is saying, He is from above and from God and He is
going back to God (16:28). He is in constant engagement with the team members,
the disciples. He is trying time and again to give clarity to the team on His
destination i.e. Heaven and the mission is to bring many through His disciples.
The team leader has a plan beyond His existing team. The team leader is
strengthening the followers with assurance of the Helper the Holy spirit. Leader
is equipping the team with the Helper, and with clear Knowledge on the time that
is to be faced i.e. pain and tribulation and assurance that He has won the
world. (16:33)
Chapter 17
and 18: Here in this Chapter, Pilate, is the administrative leader of
worldly kingdom, Caiaphas and Ananias are the religious and social leaders.
Jesus is caught by religious leaders. He submitted to administrative leaders
and Jesus is declaring, “His kingdom is not of this world”. Worldly kingdom
needs worldly soldiers to defend. Jesus did not want to be defended, neither by
his disciples with sword nor by legions’ of heavenly army. Jesus’s leadership
in this chapter is to take up the path of cross for truth and for demonstrating
the path of truth. (Ver 36)
The instrument
to equip and empower the team is prayer (Chapter 17), motivation with example
and clear picturisation of destination. Leader is a means to a destination. Visionary
leader is already in destination and destination is existing among followers
and the destination is God. Followers are disciples, Jesus is Leader and God
the Father is destination. Father, Jesus, disciples and future believers in one
whole, is the desired destination of Jesus. Leader is present from end to end
that is beginning to eternity and the means to arrive at destination is Love, Holiness,
Work of spirit and demonstrated path of Jesus. Worldly leaders influence and
use material means, but Jesus the Transformational leader is using nonmaterial
means and influencing the crowed, rulers, religious heads and the leaders with
Hope. Hope is the motivation; Hope is the strength and Hope is all in one. Transformational
leader is submitting to the worldly leaders in this chapter. Leaders give Hope
for worldly success but Jesus is giving Hope for eternal success.
In Chapter 17
Jesus the Transformational Leader is praying/conversing and empowering the
disciples for Faith, Fulfilment, Future, Faithfulness, Fruitfulness,
Fellowship and sense of family. It was the last hour before His
surrender. It’s a ministry of prayer of a Leader. It revels leaders’ commitment
and concern. God dependent Leader. A demonstration of Heart for the people. Leadership
is like an iceberg; most of it lies unseen.[20]
Style is
technique. 1. Autocratic or authoritarian, here in, leader
decides others to follow (pharisees). 2. Democratic or
participatory leader here in, leader and followers decide and implement or
follow the decision (proposal of blind man’s family). 3. Laissez fair
or delegative leadership where workers decide but leader is responsible.
Educated group use this style (among the disciples). 4. Transactional
Leadership, leader decides the job and distributes. Here reward and
punishment are there (Roman Leaders). 5. Transformational leadership,
that encourages, cares the members, motivates the members, to achieve the goal
(Jesus Christ). 6. Situational leadership, here the decision
depends on situation of members’, mood of both leader and members’, time,
surrounding etc (Multitude of the feast). 7. Charismatic leadership,
in it, they get energy from self or above neither from government nor from
community or from world. They are self-driven personalities. Often, they
sacrifice self, their possessions and choices (Jesus Christ).[21] But the common
quality in spite of difference in leadership styles are, self-confidence,
courage, decision maker, knowledge and willpower. But autocratic leaders
lack truthfulness, flexibility and listening.
Total
teachings of Jesus Christ were Preaching, Guiding, Directing and Communicating
verbally and none verbally. Verbal communication revolves around guiding and
directing.
Chapter 19:
This chapter depicts two pertinent aspects of leadership i.e. leadership
with power and without power. This is also a chapter that depicts four powers. Without
truth and responsibility, power is useless. Leaders in this chapter are Pilate,
Chief Religious’ Leader Caiaphas, Solders, Jews Community, John, Mother Marry, the
disciples, Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus who used the powers: 1. administration,
2. religious, 3. social and 4. ethical/moral respectively. All the powers
succumbed to the transformational leadership of Jesus i.e. 1. Pilate felt
powerless in front of Jesus’s claim of power that comes from above. Pilate was
not interested to use his administrative might, 2. Chief priest was
powerless before Pilate as Pilate could have released Jesus, if Jesus had given
a statement conducive to lie. 3. The social power i.e. power of crowed
was manipulated by priestly community to hang Jesus by diminishing the power of
Pilate and power of Priests. 4. Ethics of John and ethics of Joseph and Nicodemus
was prevalent and evident but not useful for preventing crucifixion. But the
ethics of John was used for managing a mother who was losing a son. The ethics
of Joseph and Nicodemus was used to manage the dead body of Jesus. Truthful
Leadership prevailed over all other leaders in the episode of crucifixion. Power
without truthfulness is powerlessness and powerlessness with truth makes a
person leader for generations is the learning of the chapter. The truth was
that, Jesus was not a Criminal as per the Roman Law, neither a sinner as per the
Religion of Jews, nor an immoral person as per Society or Family. Transformational
Leader is a witness to truth, in all fronts. The term was coined by management
expert Robert K Greenleaf in a 1970 essay, “The Servant as Leader”. But
it was demonstrated by Jesus 2000 years ago and this principle turned as ethics
in group, community, company and in political parties as buzz word or Hallmark
of success even in military and militant groups. Verse 13 and 14 of this
chapter demands the credential for teachers and masters, the leaders are to
serve or more specifically to wash the feet.
Author Gary
Wills talks about “the radical leader”, in his Book Certain Trumpets.
Wills describes such leaders as people who vote with their life. Others follow
them because they are ready to die for their cause.[22]
Chapter 20:
The content of this chapter is about situations and deliberations after the
death of Jesus Christ. The Prime leader in the Sunday morning, the resurrection
morning was Magdalene Mary and Prime Leader at the end of the day i.e. the evening
of resurrection day, was Jesus. Magdalene Mary, the leader, can be called a
situational leader. Before the death of Jesus, she brought oil and poured on
Christ. After death she searched Jesus. Among the searching community and
inquisitive community, a woman is taking lead, coming out of the home, early in
the morning, all alone. Among the searching community, Peter and John, may be
second liner and disciples the third liner. But the first liner is also
deliberating with people and reporting back to disciples alone. Setting the
mission of Jesus, when others were dormant. Magdalene was a situational leader.
Trait was working in her. By nature, and instinct, she has the leadership
ability. Jesus the transformational leader is revealing himself thrice, first
to Magdalene, second in the Closed Room to His disciples and third time again
in the Closed Room, empowering the disciples, by giving His Holy Spirit and
demonstrating the sign of crucifixion to Thomas and the fellow disciples. Here Mission
of Jesus was to create faith (ver 31) and to send forth the disciples for His mission
(ver 21).
Chapter 21:
This is the last chapter of Gospel of John and last chapter of all the four
gospels of Bible. Here the leadership styles of academic discipline are well
depicted. A scholar defines “there are many theories related to the construct
of leadership. Some well theories include: trait, transactional, Leader
Member Exchange (LMX), situational, path-goal, charismatic, transformational
and servant leadership.” A host of characteristics
that identifies specific types of leaders have been documented by researchers
for each of these theories. In John 21, there are two types of leadership that
closely align with the behaviours exhibited by Jesus. The two-leadership style
that can best represent the behaviour of Jesus are transformational and serving.
[23] Feeding
the disciples, and motivating the disciples for fishing human who were back to
their old profession of fishing.
Conclusion: The chronology
in the gospel of John says, the word is bread, the bread is Jesus and Jesus is the
word. The word became flesh. The word gave birth to universe. Word creates,
word is life and the word is managed by God. Jesus is God, God is life and he
who eats the word, acts as the one who is guided by the words, he bears fruits and
becomes a part of the eternity.
In the Gospel of John, there are
several important persons, like Pilate, Nicodemus, Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes,
Chief Priest, Centurions, Soldiers of State, Society, Defence, Judiciary, Sects
and Laws, but all the leadership were confined to management and not to the
visionary leadership of Jesus which was surpassing the interest of Religion,
State, Society, Defence, Judiciary, Sects and Laws surpassing all the realms and
kingdoms.
Jesus is a micro manager of life,
body and soul for sustenance and eternity and Jesus is a macro manager as well,
preparing for the Kingdom of God. All other personalities in the Gospel of John
are for personal interests and positions, but Jesus was for redemption of all
souls for God the Almighty. Jesus is fulfilling the will of God but others are
fulfilling the requisite of Religion, State and Society.
Jesus is a visionary transformational
leader with charisma and human heart. A leader is just a manager till he manages
few aspects, but managing and carrying his followers in every aspect of life
makes him/her a visionary leader Like Jesus.
Visionary leader is a great investor
of time, treasure and life in totality whereas other leaders are limited to
goal and task. For worldly leaders, vision is only a dreamt statement, not
achievable, but Jesus's vision is an achieved reality. "God’s kingdom is
in you" - it's an achieved Vision accomplished in the cross, proved in the
garden of resurrection. This is the Leadership Style of Jesus Christ in the Gospel of John
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOK
o John C Maxwell,
The Maxwell, Leadership Bible, NKJV, Second Edition, 2007
o John C Maxwell,
Moments, 365 Inspirational thoughts for the Leader’s Year, 2008
o E.H. McGrath,
S.J, Basic Managerial Skills For All, Third Edition, 1995
o Gary
Wills, Book Certain Trumpets
ARTICLES
o Tanenbaum
R and Schmidt, W (1958), book Styles of leadership
o
Stefen
W Owen, Young Men General President, Greatest Leaders are The Greatest
Followers
o The Leadership Style of Jesus and
its influence in Selected Christian
Higher Education Institutions of Kerela,
Abbreviations
SWOT - Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat
LMX - Leader member exchange
[1]
Arlene Then, Emanuel Vargas, Jessica Glenn, Jorge Fajardo, Manny Vargas, Roland
Maldonado, www.musixmatch.com
[2]
George R. Knight is professor of church history at the SDA theological Seminary
at Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan
[3]
John Mattone, Global changing
the world one leader, one organization at a time
[6]
Lewin’s Model of Change Theory
[7]
Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper
[8]
Stefen W Owen, Young Men
General President, Greatest Leaders are The Greatest Followers
[9]
Christian Leadership.org, 6th
paragraph
[10]
CULEAD STEWARDSHIP Influence
service
[11]
Harvard Business Review
[12]
John Adair British Author on Leadership
[13]
John Adair British Author on Leadership
[15]
Angel Studios, May 30, 2022
[16]
John Maxwell, Leadership
Bible, Page 1301
[17]
Burton Nanus &
Psychologist Daniel Goleman
[18]
Linda Tucci, Industry Editor – CIO / IT Strategy
[19]
Cornelis Bennema Faculty of theology North-West University, South Africa and
United School of Theology, UK
[20]
John C Maxwell, The Maxwell
Leadership Bible, Page1331
[21]
Tannenbaum, R and Schmidt, W (1958), book Styles of leadership
[22]
John Maxwell, The Maxwell
leadership Bible Page 1334
[23]
Daniel W. Keebler, Leadership
of Jesus revealed in the gospel of John
